Phase-one development of a linear O₂/C₂H₄ detonation tube test platform — a calculated stepping stone toward full RDE implementation — designed to experimentally validate a physics-based detonation model developed in-house. The program covers propulsion design, structural analysis, instrumentation, test stand construction, safety system architecture, and operational procedures from PDR through hot-fire. Annular ridge geometry (cosine profile, 43.8% blockage ratio, 10 ridges) drives deflagration-to-detonation transition. The numerical analysis phase is complete and published in AIAA proceedings.
AIAA Publication
Numerical Analysis and Precursor Detonation Tube Design for Continuously Rotating Detonation Engine Development
Sheelam, J.; Sharma, K.; Mooney, K. C.; Coulter, B. J.
AIAA Region II Student Conference 2026 · Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ
Presents a coupled HLLC–Cantera–Lamé numerical framework that captures detonation-scale wave propagation within 2–3% of CJ predictions and confirms structural feasibility of the proposed hardware geometry — providing quantitative justification for fabrication and staged hot-fire testing.
View on AIAA ARC ↗ · DOI: 10.2514/6.2026-108393
Key Published Results
4,358 m/s
Detonation wave speed — within 2–3% of CJ prediction
33.8 MPa
Peak simulated pressure at t = 0.163 ms
4,923 K
Peak wave temperature
59.8 MPa
Max von Mises stress — 25% of yield limit (SS 304)
0 events
Structural violations — no yield, no UTS exceedance
<14 % Δ
ANSYS CFX vs. MATLAB solver agreement
The coupled Euler–finite-rate chemistry framework captured detonation-scale wave propagation within 2–3% of classical CJ velocity predictions. ANSYS CFX 3D simulations corroborated the reduced-order MATLAB solver's pressure-rise trends to within 14% after ignition kernel repositioning. BlastFOAM/OpenFOAM simulations of the ridged tube geometry (150k-cell full-tube mesh, trueRidged_150k_fullTube) provided direct pressure-field corroboration and softly drove annular ridge design decisions. Structural screening confirmed 17-4PH steel geometry supports the detonation environment with significant margin — providing quantitative justification for hardware fabrication and staged experimental testing.
Program Timeline
Physics-Based Numerical Model Complete
MATLAB 1D HLLC solver with Cantera finite-rate chemistry (GRI-Mech 3.0). CJ conditions, detonation wave propagation, compressible flow, transient thermal and structural loading. Wave speed within 2–3% of CJ theory.
BlastFOAM / OpenFOAM Corroboration — Ridged Tube Complete
Full-tube ridged geometry meshed and run in BlastFOAM (150k cells, trueRidged_150k_fullTube). Pressure field cross-validated against MATLAB solver. Results softly drove annular ridge geometry design decisions and confirmed DDT-zone behavior.
ANSYS CFX Multidimensional Corroboration Complete
3D k-ω turbulence modeling for confinement behavior, shear-layer development, and DDT-relevant flow features. Pressure evolution consistent with MATLAB solver to within 14%.
Structural Feasibility — Lamé Analysis Complete
Transient pressure mapped to inner-wall von Mises stress via thick-cylinder Lamé relations. Max σ_vm = 59.8 MPa against SS 304 Sy = 240 MPa. No structural violations. Published in IOP proceedings.
AIAA Paper — Published Published
First and lead author. AIAA Region II Student Conference 2026. DOI: 10.2514/6.2026-108393. Full numerical framework documented and peer-reviewed.
DAQ & Instrumentation Design Complete
NI PXI at 10 MHz. Synchronized multi-channel sensor architecture. EMI mitigation across ignition and sensor lines. LabVIEW live acquisition + MATLAB post-processing pipeline.
Safety Architecture & SOP Pipeline Complete
PDR, CoDR, and safety board reviews completed. Full experimental SOP authored. Remote ignition with pre-ignition purge. Burst-diaphragm overpressure mitigation. EMI-shielded sensor/ignition lines.
Test Stand Fabrication Complete
Full hardware assembly. Regenerative cooling architecture, CDI high-pressure ignition system (20.25 J, 200 µF/450 V), suppressor and wave-capture system for safe post-detonation depressurization without vacuum chamber infrastructure.
Hot-Fire Campaign Scheduled · Aug 2026
C₂H₄/O₂ (φ = 1.2). Pre-ignition purge, remote initiation, 10 MHz synchronized data capture. Model validation against live pressure trace. Directly extends the published numerical framework.
System Specifications
| Oxidizer / Fuel | Oxygen / Ethylene (φ = 1.2, 1:3 ratio) |
| Initial Pressure | 1,114,575 Pa (~11 atm) · enables high-pressure detonation environment |
| Peak Pressure (DAF) | 115–117 MPa structural design target (DAF = 2.0) |
| Simulated Peak Pressure | 33.775 MPa at t = 0.163 ms, x = 1.75 ft |
| Detonation Wave Speed | 4,357.7 m/s (numerical) vs. 4,300–4,500 m/s CJ band — 2–3% deviation |
| Primary Material | 17-4 PH Stainless Steel, H1150 Heat Treatment |
| Ridge Geometry | Annular cosine profile · 10 ridges · 0.327 in axial width · 0.188 in radial height · 43.8% blockage · DDT zone first 3.075 ft of 4 ft tube |
| DAQ System | National Instruments PXI · 10 MHz acquisition |
| Ignition System | CDI circuit · 20.25 J stored energy · 200 µF / 450 V capacitor · 1 MΩ bleeder |
| Software Stack | LabVIEW (acquisition) → MATLAB (post-processing & solver) |
| Computational Tools | MATLAB, Python, Cantera (GRI-Mech 3.0), BlastFOAM/OpenFOAM, ANSYS CFX, SOLIDWORKS, Fusion 360 |
| CFD Solver Type | HLLC finite-volume · operator-split chemistry · k-ω turbulence (CFX) · BlastFOAM reacting flow · thick-cylinder Lamé structural |
| Program Status | Pre-hot fire — test stand complete · numerical framework published · hot fire Aug 2026 |
BlastFOAM — Ridged Tube Pressure Field
Pressure contour from BlastFOAM simulation of the full ridged-tube geometry (150k cells, trueRidged_150k_fullTube). The reacting front propagates left-to-right through the annular ridge array; pressure scale runs 1.0×10⁵ Pa (blue) to 2.2×10⁶ Pa (red). Cross-validated against the published MATLAB HLLC solver result.
BlastFOAM / ParaView · trueRidged_150k_fullTube.foam · Pressure field [Pa] · t = 2.75×10⁻⁴ s
Supplementary Structural Re-Screen — Ridge-Aware MATLAB Surrogate
The following results are from a higher-fidelity MATLAB structural screening run on a revised hardware configuration (17-4 PH H1150, Nx = 400, φ = 1.3 C₂H₄/O₂, 6-ft tube). This is a distinct run from the published AIAA numbers — different material temper, different resolution, lower drive pressure. The published 4,358 m/s and 33.8 MPa results above remain the official peer-reviewed values. This supplementary screen informs ridge geometry and material allowable decisions for fabrication go/no-go.
2,142 m/s
Mean probe wave speed — corrected run (10 inter-probe segments)
3.21 MPa
Peak flow pressure at x = 0.83 ft, t = 0.046 ms
29.5 MPa
Peak σ_vm × DAF × K_t at Ridge 03 (blockage = 0.435)
275.7 MPa
S_allow at RT — 17-4 PH H1150 basis
PASS
Overall screening verdict — 0/400 nodes exceed S_allow, Sy, or UTS
1.095×
Peak ridge pressure gain G_p — global max at 0.83 ft
Structural screen applied DAF = 2.0 (single-pass step-load) with ridge stress concentration K_t = 1 + 2.75 × blockage. Peak ridge at x = 0.83 ft (blockage = 0.435) produced K_t = 2.20 and peak σ_vm = 29.5 MPa — well within the 275.7 MPa H1150 allowable. All 400 nodes clear yield, allowable, and UTS checks. Thermal penetration depth 0.042 mm (0.2% of wall) over 0.35 ms event duration confirms negligible thermal influence on structural margins for the single-shot screen.
Structural Screen Plots — Ridge-Aware MATLAB Surrogate
Engineering Approach
- Led test stand design as primary decision-maker — owned all hardware decisions across mechanical, electrical, and propulsion subsystems. Team of four engineers with supporting roles.
- Developed the custom MATLAB 1D HLLC solver from scratch: CJ/ZND theory, Euler equations, operator-split Cantera chemistry, shock/detonation front tracking, and Lamé structural screening — all integrated into a single coupled framework. Published.
- BlastFOAM/OpenFOAM used for direct reacting-flow corroboration of the ridged tube geometry (150k-cell full-tube mesh). Cross-validated against MATLAB solver; results drove annular ridge profile selection.
- ANSYS CFX used for 3D multidimensional corroboration: k-ω turbulence, shear-layer development, and confinement behavior not resolvable in 1D. Identified and resolved secondary wave interference via ignition kernel repositioning.
- Designed regenerative cooling architecture, CDI high-pressure ignition system, and suppressor/wave-capture system for post-detonation safe depressurization — no vacuum chamber infrastructure.
- Full operational pipeline: PDR, CoDR, safety board reviews, formal experimental SOP authored for every stage of the test campaign. Hot-fire scheduled Aug 2026.